OWDelay_Active_IP-UDP-Periodic20m-Payload142B_RFC8912sec8_Seconds_StdDev All section numbers below refer to RFC 8912 8.1. Summary This category includes multiple indexes to the Registry Entries: the element ID and Metric Name. 8.1.1. ID (Identifier) 16 8.1.2. Name OWDelay_Active_IP-UDP-Periodic20m-Payload142B_RFC8912sec8_Seconds_StdDev 8.1.3. URI URL: https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/OWDelay_Active_IP-UDP-Periodic20m-Payload142B_RFC8912sec8_Seconds_StdDev 8.1.4. Description OWDelay:  This metric assesses the delay of a stream of packets exchanged between two hosts (or measurement points) and reports the standard deviation of one-way delay for all successfully exchanged packets based on their conditional delay distribution. 8.1.5. Change Controller IETF 8.1.6. Version (of Registry Format) 1.0 8.2. Metric Definition This category includes columns to prompt the entry of all necessary details related to the metric definition, including the RFC reference and values of input factors, called "Fixed Parameters". 8.2.1. Reference Definition For delay: Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., and A. Morton, Ed., "A One-Way Delay Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM)", STD 81, RFC 7679, DOI 10.17487/RFC7679, January 2016, .  [RFC7679] Morton, A. and E. Stephan, "Spatial Composition of Metrics", RFC 6049, DOI 10.17487/RFC6049, January 2011, . [RFC6049] Section 3.4 of [RFC7679] provides the reference definition of the singleton (single value) one-way delay metric. Section 4.4 of [RFC7679] provides the reference definition expanded to cover a multi-value sample. Note that terms such as "singleton" and "sample" are defined in Section 11 of [RFC2330]. Only successful packet transfers with finite delay are included in the sample, as prescribed in Section 4.1.2  of [RFC6049]. 8.2.2. Fixed Parameters Type-P:    IPv4 header values:       DSCP: Set to 0       TTL: Set to 255        Protocol: Set to 17 (UDP)     IPv6 header values:        DSCP: Set to 0       Hop Count: Set to 255       Next Header: Set to 17 (UDP)       Flow Label: Set to 0       Extension Headers: None UDP header values:     Checksum: The checksum MUST be calculated and the non-zero checksum included in the header UDP Payload: TWAMP-Test packet formats (Section 4.1.2 of [RFC5357]) Security features in use influence the number of Padding octets 142 octets total, including the TWAMP format (and format type MUST be reported, if used) Other measurement Parameters:    Tmax:  A loss threshold waiting time with value 3.0, expressed in units of seconds, as a positive value of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 4 (see Section 9.3 of [RFC6020]) and with a resolution of 0.0001 seconds (0.1 ms), with lossless conversion to/from the 32-bit NTP timestamp as per Section 6 of [RFC5905]. See the Packet Stream Generation section for three additional Fixed Parameters. 8.3. Method of Measurement This category includes columns for references to relevant sections of the RFC(s) and any supplemental information needed to ensure an unambiguous method for implementations. 8.3.1. Reference Methods The methodology for this metric (equivalent to Type-P-One-way-Delay-Poisson-Stream) is defined as in  Section 3.6 of [RFC7679] (for singletons) and Section 4.6 of [RFC7679] (for samples) using the Type-P and Tmax defined in the Fixed Parameters column. However, a Periodic stream is used, as defined in [RFC3432]. The reference method distinguishes between long-delayed packets and lost packets by implementing a maximum waiting time for packet arrival. Tmax is the waiting time used as the threshold to declare a packet lost. Lost packets SHALL be designated as having undefined delay and counted for the OWLoss metric. The calculations on the one-way delay SHALL be performed on the conditional distribution, conditioned on successful packet arrival within Tmax. Also, when all packet delays are stored, the process that calculates the one-way delay value MUST enforce the Tmax threshold on stored values before calculations. See Section 4.1  of [RFC3393] for details on the conditional distribution to exclude undefined values of delay, and see  Section 5 of [RFC6703] for background on this analysis choice. The reference method requires some way to distinguish between different packets in a stream to establish correspondence between sending times and receiving times for each successfully arriving packet. Since a standard measurement protocol is employed [RFC5357], the measurement process will determine the sequence numbers or timestamps applied to test packets after the Fixed and Runtime Parameters are passed to that process. The measurement protocol dictates the format of sequence numbers and timestamps conveyed in the TWAMP-Test packet payload. 8.3.2. Packet Stream Generation This section provides details regarding packet traffic, which is used as the basis for measurement. In IPPM Metrics, this is called the "stream"; this stream can easily be described by providing the list of stream Parameters. Section 3 of [RFC3432] prescribes the method for generating Periodic streams using associated Parameters. incT:  The nominal duration of the inter-packet interval, first bit to first bit, with value 0.0200, expressed in units of seconds, as a positive value of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 4 (see Section 9.3 of [RFC6020]) and with a resolution of 0.0001 seconds (0.1 ms), with lossless conversion to/from the 32-bit NTP timestamp as per Section 6 of [RFC5905]. dT:  The duration of the interval for allowed sample start times, with value 1.0000, expressed in units of seconds, as a positive value of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 4 (see Section 9.3 of [RFC6020]) and with a resolution of 0.0001 seconds (0.1 ms), with lossless conversion to/from the 32-bit NTP timestamp as per Section 6 of [RFC5905]. T0:  The actual start time of the periodic stream, determined from T0 and dT. Note: An initiation process with a number of control exchanges resulting in unpredictable start times (within a time interval) may be sufficient to avoid synchronization of periodic streams and is a valid replacement for selecting a start time at random from a fixed interval. These stream Parameters will be specified as Runtime Parameters. 8.3.3. Traffic Filtering (Observation) Details N/A 8.3.4. Sampling Distribution N/A 8.3.5. Runtime Parameters and Data Format Runtime Parameters are input factors that must be determined, configured into the measurement system, and reported with the results for the context to be complete. Src:  The IP address of the host in the Src Role (format ipv4‑address-no-zone value for IPv4 or ipv6-address-no-zone value for IPv6; see Section 4 of [RFC6991]). Dst:  The IP address of the host in the Dst Role (format ipv4‑address-no-zone value for IPv4 or ipv6-address-no-zone value for IPv6; see Section 4 of [RFC6991]). T0:  A time, the start of a measurement interval (format "date‑time" as specified in Section 5.6 of [RFC3339]; see also "date‑and‑time" in Section 3 of [RFC6991]). The UTC Time Zone is required by Section 6.1 of [RFC2330]. When T0 is "all-zeros", a start time is unspecified and Tf is to be interpreted as the duration of the measurement interval. The start time is controlled through other means. Tf:  A time, the end of a measurement interval (format "date‑time" as specified in Section 5.6 of [RFC3339]; see also "date‑and‑time" in Section 3 of [RFC6991]). The UTC Time Zone is required by Section 6.1 of [RFC2330]. When T0 is "all-zeros", an ending time and date is ignored and Tf is interpreted as the duration of the measurement interval. 8.3.6. Roles Src:  Launches each packet and waits for return transmissions from the Dst.  An example is the TWAMP Session-Sender. Dst:  Waits for each packet from the Src and sends a return packet to the Src.  An example is the TWAMP Session-Reflector. 8.4. Output This category specifies all details of the output of measurements using the metric. 8.4.1. Type Latency Types are discussed in the subsections below. 8.4.2. Reference Definition For all output types: T0:  The start of a measurement interval (format "date‑time" as specified in Section 5.6 of [RFC3339]; see also "date‑and‑time" in Section 3 of [RFC6991]). The UTC Time Zone is required by Section 6.1 of [RFC2330]. Tf:  The end of a measurement interval (format "date‑time" as specified in Section 5.6 of [RFC3339]; see also "date‑and‑time" in Section 3 of [RFC6991]). The UTC Time Zone is required by Section 6.1 of [RFC2330]. Std_Dev SHALL be calculated using the conditional distribution of all packets with a finite value of one‑way delay (undefined delays are excluded) -- a single value, as follows: See Section 4.1 of [RFC3393] for details on the conditional distribution to exclude undefined values of delay, and see Section 5 of [RFC6703] for background on this analysis choice. See Section 6.1.4 of [RFC6049] for a closely related method for calculating this statistic. The formula is the classic calculation for the standard deviation of a population. Define Population Std_Dev_Delay as follows:                      _                                       _                     |            N                            |                     |           ---                           |                     |     1     \                          2  |     Std_Dev = SQRT  |  -------   >   (Delay[n] - MeanDelay)   |                     |    (N)    /                             |                     |           ---                           |                     |          n = 1                          |                     |_                                       _| where all packets n = 1 through N have a value for Delay[n], MeanDelay is calculated per Section 8.4.2.2, and SQRT[] is the Square Root function: Std_Dev: The time value of the result is expressed in units of seconds, as a positive value of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 9 (see Section 9.3 of [RFC6020]) with a resolution of 0.000000001 seconds (1.0 ns), and with lossless conversion to/from the 64-bit NTP timestamp as per Section 6 of [RFC5905]. 8.4.3. Metric Units The standard deviation of one-way delay is expressed in seconds. 8.4.4. Calibration Section 3.7.3 of [RFC7679] provides a means to quantify the systematic and random errors of a time measurement. Calibration in-situ could be enabled with an internal loopback that includes as much of the measurement system as possible, performs address manipulation as needed, and provides some form of isolation (e.g., deterministic delay) to avoid send-receive interface contention. Some portion of the random and systematic error can be characterized in this way. For one-way delay measurements, the error calibration must include an assessment of the internal clock synchronization with its external reference (this internal clock is supplying timestamps for measurement). In practice, the time offsets [RFC5905] of clocks at both the Source and Destination are needed to estimate the systematic error due to imperfect clock synchronization (the time offsets [RFC5905] are smoothed; thus, the random variation is not usually represented in the results). time_offset:  The time value of the result is expressed in units of seconds, as a signed value of type decimal64 with fraction digits = 9 (see Section 9.3 of [RFC6020]) with a resolution of 0.000000001 seconds (1.0 ns), and with lossless conversion to/from the 64-bit NTP timestamp as per Section 6 of [RFC5905]. When a measurement controller requests a calibration measurement, the loopback is applied and the result is output in the same format as a normal measurement, with an additional indication that it is a calibration result. In any measurement, the measurement function SHOULD report its current estimate of the time offset [RFC5905] as an indicator of the degree of synchronization. Both internal loopback calibration and clock synchronization can be used to estimate the available accuracy of the Output Metric Units. For example, repeated loopback delay measurements will reveal the portion of the output result resolution that is the result of system noise and is thus inaccurate. 8.5. Administrative Items 8.5.1. Status Current 8.5.2. Requester RFC 8912 8.5.3. Revision 1.0 8.5.4. Revision Date 2021-11-17 8.6. Comments and Remarks None