Khmer
Root Zone Label Generation Rules, 2nd Edition
Download lgr-2-khmer-script-26jul17-en.xml Summary
| Version | 2 — Root Zone LGR |
|---|---|
| Date | |
| Tag |
und-Khmr (Khmer)
|
| Unicode | 6.3.0 |
| Scope | DNS root zone |
| Source file | lgr-2-khmer-script-26jul17-en.xml (22.7kb) |
Description
Label Generation Rules for Khmer
Overview
This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Khmer script as would be appropriate for the Root zone. For more details on this LGR see "Proposal for a Khmer Script Root Zone LGR [Proposal]". The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].
Repertoire
In addition to the 71 code points according to Section 5 "Repertoire", in [Proposal], two Khmer subscript consonant sequences have been defined. The repertoire only includes code points used by languages that are actively written in the Khmer script. The repertoire is based on [MSR-2], which is a subset of Unicode 6.3 [Unicode 6.3].
Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below.
Read the rest of the description Show less
Variants
According to Section 6 "Variants", in [Proposal], two Khmer consonants are variants of each other in their subscript form only. This is captured by a variant relation between the two subscript sequences, which are listed explicitly in the repertoire.
Character Classes
Some consonants have been given the tag "base-only"; these do not take subscript form.
The character U+17C9 (៉) KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN is used with a subset of first series consonants, code points from this subset have been given the tag "series-one".
The character U+17CA (៊) KHMER SIGN TRIISAP is used with subset of second series consonants and with U+1794 (ប) KHMER LETTER BA. Code points from this subset have been given the tag "series-two". The series, and the sets of code points used with these two signs are defined in [210]. The character U+17CB (់) KHMER SIGN BANTOC is used with a subset of consonants, that subset has been given the tag "series-three" [205]. The characters U+17C9 (៉) KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN and U+17CA (៊) KHMER SIGN TRIISAP are collectively known as consonant shifters and have been given the tag "shifter".
The character U+17CC (៌) KHMER SIGN ROBAT has been given the tag "robat".
The character U+17C6 (ំ) KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT is used with consonants and some dependent vowels. These dependent vowels have been given a tag "dependent-vowel-1" (see Section 5.3 in [Proposal]). The character U+17C7 (ះ) KHMER SIGN REAHMUK is used with consonants and some dependent vowels. These dependent vowels have been given a tag "dependent-vowel-2" (see Section 5.3 in [Proposal]). The code point U+17B7 (ិ) KHMER VOWEL SIGN I has been given a tag "dependent-vowel-3".
Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules
Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules
The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-2]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or independent-vowel.
Khmer-specific Rules
Rules provided in the LGR as described in Section 7 of [Proposal] reasonably restrict labels so that they conform to Khmer syllable structure. These constraints are presented as context rules, except for the limit on the number of consecutive subscripted consonants.
The rules are:
- Subscript-consonant — A rule that specifies allowable consonant sequence. See Section 7.2 in [Proposal]
- Subscript-consonant-limit — It limits the occurrence of subscript-consonant to two. In case of three, label is stated as invalid. See Section 7.3 in [Proposal]
- Coeng-context — A context rule for 17D2 that must have a consonant or base-only before it and a consonant after it. See Section 7.4 in [Proposal]
- Follows-consonant-robat-shifter — A context rule for those code points that must follow a consonant, robat or shifter. See Section 7.5 in [Proposal]
- Follows-series-two — A context rule for those code points that must follow series-two consonants. See Section 7.6 in [Proposal]
- Follows-series-one — A context rule for those code points that must follow series-one consonants. See Section 7.7 in [Proposal]
- Follows-consonant — A context rule for those code points that must always follow a consonant. See Section 7.8 in [Proposal]
- Follows-consonant-shifter A context rule for those code points that must always follow a consonant or shifter. See Section 7.9 in [Proposal]
- Follows-consonant-depvowel-1-shifter — A context rule for those code points that must follow consonant, shifter or dependent-vowel-1. See Section 7.10 in [Proposal]
- Follows-consonant-depvowel-2-shifter — A context rule for those code points that must follow consonant, shifter or dependent-vowel-2. See Section 7.11 in [Proposal]
- Follows-series-three — A context rule for those code points that must follow series-three consonants. See Section 7.12 in [Proposal]
- Follows-consonant-or-vowel-i — A context rule for those code points that must follow a consonant or 17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I. See Section 7.13 in [Proposal]
Methodology and Contributors
For methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 of [Proposal].
References
Reference [3] refers to Unicode Standard versions in which corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], [208], [209] & [210] correspond to sources justifying the inclusion of or classification for the corresponding code points. Single code point or ranges may have multiple source reference values.
In addition the following references are cited in this document:
- [MSR-2]
- Integration Panel, "Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-2 Overview and Rationale", 14 April 2015 https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-2-overview-14apr15-en.pdf
- [Proposal]
- Proposal for Khmer Script Root Zone LGR, 15 August 2016, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-khmer-lgr-15aug16-en.pdf
- [RFC 7940]
- Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016, http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940.
- [Unicode 6.3]
- The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5) http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/
For more details for references [100] and up and [3] and up refer to the Table of References below.
Repertoire
| Glyph | Code point | Tags and context | Variants |
|---|---|---|---|
| ក | U+1780 KHMER LETTER KA 3 203 205 Khmer |
 consonantsc:Khmrseries-three
|
|
| ខ | U+1781 KHMER LETTER KHA 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| គ | U+1782 KHMER LETTER KO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឃ | U+1783 KHMER LETTER KHO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ង | U+1784 KHMER LETTER NGO 3 203 205 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-threeseries-two
|
|
| ច | U+1785 KHMER LETTER CA 3 203 205 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-three
|
|
| ឆ | U+1786 KHMER LETTER CHA 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ជ | U+1787 KHMER LETTER CO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឈ | U+1788 KHMER LETTER CHO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ញ | U+1789 KHMER LETTER NYO 3 203 205 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-threeseries-two
|
|
| ដ | U+178A KHMER LETTER DA 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឋ | U+178B KHMER LETTER TTHA 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឌ | U+178C KHMER LETTER DO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឍ | U+178D KHMER LETTER TTHO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ណ | U+178E KHMER LETTER NNO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ត | U+178F KHMER LETTER TA 3 203 205 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-three
|
|
| ថ | U+1790 KHMER LETTER THA 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ទ | U+1791 KHMER LETTER TO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ធ | U+1792 KHMER LETTER THO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ន | U+1793 KHMER LETTER NO 3 203 205 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-three
|
|
| ប | U+1794 KHMER LETTER BA 3 203 205 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-oneseries-threeseries-two
|
|
| ផ | U+1795 KHMER LETTER PHA 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ព | U+1796 KHMER LETTER PO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ភ | U+1797 KHMER LETTER PHO 3 203 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| ម | U+1798 KHMER LETTER MO 3 203 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-two
|
|
| យ | U+1799 KHMER LETTER YO 3 203 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-two
|
|
| រ | U+179A KHMER LETTER RO 3 203 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-two
|
|
| ល | U+179B KHMER LETTER LO 3 203 205 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-three
|
|
| វ | U+179C KHMER LETTER VO 3 203 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-two
|
|
| ស | U+179F KHMER LETTER SA 3 203 205 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-oneseries-three
|
|
| ហ | U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA 3 203 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-one
|
|
| ឡ | U+17A1 KHMER LETTER LA 3 203 Khmer |
base-onlyconsonantsc:Khmr
|
|
| អ | U+17A2 KHMER LETTER QA 3 203 210 Khmer |
consonantsc:Khmrseries-one
|
|
| ឥ | U+17A5 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QI 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឦ | U+17A6 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QII 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឧ | U+17A7 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QU 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឪ | U+17AA KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUUV 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឫ | U+17AB KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RY 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឬ | U+17AC KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RYY 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឭ | U+17AD KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LY 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឮ | U+17AE KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LYY 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឯ | U+17AF KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QE 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឰ | U+17B0 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAI 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឱ | U+17B1 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE ONE 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ឳ | U+17B3 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAU 3 206 Khmer |
independent-vowelsc:Khmr
|
|
| ា | U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-voweldependent-vowel-1sc:Khmr
 follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ិ | U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-voweldependent-vowel-2dependent-vowel-3sc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ី | U+17B8 KHMER VOWEL SIGN II 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ឹ | U+17B9 KHMER VOWEL SIGN Y 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-voweldependent-vowel-2sc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ឺ | U+17BA KHMER VOWEL SIGN YY 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ុ | U+17BB KHMER VOWEL SIGN U 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-voweldependent-vowel-1dependent-vowel-2sc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ូ | U+17BC KHMER VOWEL SIGN UU 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ួ | U+17BD KHMER VOWEL SIGN UA 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ើ | U+17BE KHMER VOWEL SIGN OE 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ឿ | U+17BF KHMER VOWEL SIGN YA 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ៀ | U+17C0 KHMER VOWEL SIGN IE 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| េ | U+17C1 KHMER VOWEL SIGN E 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-voweldependent-vowel-2sc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ែ | U+17C2 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AE 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ៃ | U+17C3 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AI 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ោ | U+17C4 KHMER VOWEL SIGN OO 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-voweldependent-vowel-2sc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ៅ | U+17C5 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AU 3 204 Khmer |
dependent-vowelsc:Khmr
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
|
|
| ំ | U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT 3 204 Khmer |
sc:Khmrsign
follows-consonant-depvowel-1-shifter
|
|
| ះ | U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK 3 208 Khmer |
sc:Khmrsign
follows-consonant-depvowel-2-shifter
|
|
| ៈ | U+17C8 KHMER SIGN YUUKALEAPINTU 3 207 208 209 Khmer |
sc:Khmrsign
follows-consonant
|
|
| ៉ | U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN 3 207 208 209 210 Khmer |
sc:Khmrshifter
follows-series-two
|
|
| ៊ | U+17CA KHMER SIGN TRIISAP 3 207 208 209 210 Khmer |
sc:Khmrshifter
follows-series-one
|
|
| ់ | U+17CB KHMER SIGN BANTOC 3 205 207 208 209 Khmer |
sc:Khmrsign
follows-series-three
|
|
| ៌ | U+17CC KHMER SIGN ROBAT 3 207 208 209 Khmer |
robatsc:Khmr
follows-consonant
|
|
| ៍ | U+17CD KHMER SIGN TOANDAKHIAT 3 207 208 209 Khmer |
sc:Khmrsign
follows-consonant-or-vowel-i
|
|
| ័ | U+17D0 KHMER SIGN SAMYOK SANNYA 3 207 208 209 Khmer |
sc:Khmrsign
follows-consonant-shifter
|
|
| ្ | U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG 3 100 Khmer |
coengsc:Khmr
coeng-context
|
|
| ្ដ | U+17D2U+178A sequence of 2 KHMER SIGN COENG + KHMER LETTER DA 3 KHMER CONSONANT SIGN COENG DA,Khmer |
follows-consonant
|
្ត
U+17D2 + U+178F
blocked
subscript forms are homoglyphs
|
| ្ត | U+17D2U+178F sequence of 2 KHMER SIGN COENG + KHMER LETTER TA 3 KHMER CONSONANT SIGN COENG TA,Khmer |
follows-consonant
|
្ដ
U+17D2 + U+178A
blocked
subscript forms are homoglyphs
|
Variants
Code points grouped into sets of mutual variants. Every member of a set produces the same set of variant labels, so a registration of one has implications for all the others. Sets of a single member are omitted, as are the identity mappings RFC 7940 requires each member to declare.
List
-
្ដ្ត
Source Direction Target Disposition Ref Comment ្ដ U+17D2 + U+178A ↔ ្ត U+17D2 + U+178F blocked subscript forms are homoglyphs ↔ declared both ways ⇆ both ways, different disposition each way → one direction only
Character classes
Named sets of code points that the rules below refer to.
| Name | Definition |
|---|---|
consonant |
{tag consonant}
Any consonant
|
consonant-but-not-base-only |
({consonant} ∖ {tag base-only})
Any consonant that is not base-only
|
dependent-vowel-1 |
{tag dependent-vowel-1}
|
dependent-vowel-2 |
{tag dependent-vowel-2}
|
dependent-vowel-3 |
{tag dependent-vowel-3}
|
robat |
{tag robat}
|
series-one |
{tag series-one}
|
series-three |
{tag series-three}
|
series-two |
{tag series-two}
|
shifter |
{tag shifter}
|
Rules
Conditions evaluated against a whole label, or against the context around a
single code point. The notation borrows from regular expressions:
^ and $ anchor to the start and end of a label,
. matches any code point, (?= ) and
(?<= ) look ahead and behind, and * and
+ repeat. Two symbols are specific to rulesets:
◆ is the code point being tested, and
⟨name⟩ refers to another rule.
leading-combining-mark MSR default
Default WLE rule from MSR-2 matching labels with leading combining marks
^ ({gc:Mn} ∪ {gc:Mc})
Structure
-
^start -
({gc:Mn} ∪ {gc:Mc})union-
{gc:Mn}class -
{gc:Mc}class
-
Referenced by 1 definition
- action 1 (invalid)
subscript-consonant
WLE Rule 2: allowable subscript consonant sequence
U+17D2 {consonant-but-not-base-only}
Referenced by 1 definition
- rule subscript-consonant-limit
subscript-consonant-limit
WLE Rule 3: more than two subscript consonants
⟨subscript-consonant⟩{3}
Referenced by 1 definition
- action 3 (invalid)
coeng-context
WLE Rule 4: checks for 17D2 and its surrounding code points
(?<= {consonant} ) ◆ (?= {consonant-but-not-base-only} )
Structure
-
(?<= {consonant} )look-behind-
{consonant}class
-
-
◆anchor -
(?= {consonant-but-not-base-only} )look-ahead-
{consonant-but-not-base-only}class
-
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17D2
follows-consonant-robat-shifter
WLE Rule 5: makes sure that dependent vowel follows a consonant or a shifter or a robat
(?<= ( {shifter} │ {consonant} │ {robat} ) ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= ( {shifter} │ {consonant} │ {robat} ) )look-behind-
( {shifter} │ {consonant} │ {robat} )choice-
{shifter}class -
{consonant}class -
{robat}class
-
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 16 definitions
- context of U+17B6
- context of U+17B7
- context of U+17B8
- context of U+17B9
- context of U+17BA
- context of U+17BB
- context of U+17BC
- context of U+17BD
- context of U+17BE
- context of U+17BF
- context of U+17C0
- context of U+17C1
follows-series-two
WLE Rule 6: checks sequence for shifter 17C9 MUUSIKATOAN
(?<= {series-two} ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= {series-two} )look-behind-
{series-two}class
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17C9
follows-series-one
WLE Rule 7: checks sequence for shifter 17CA TRIISAP
(?<= {series-one} ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= {series-one} )look-behind-
{series-one}class
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17CA
follows-consonant
WLE Rule 8: checks if sign code point or subscript consonant follows a consonant
(?<= {consonant} ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= {consonant} )look-behind-
{consonant}class
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 4 definitions
- context of U+17C8
- context of U+17CC
- context of U+17D2 U+178A
- context of U+17D2 U+178F
follows-consonant-shifter
WLE Rule 9: checks if 17D0 KHMER SIGN SAMYOKSANNYA follows a consonant or a shifter
(?<= ( {consonant} │ {shifter} ) ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= ( {consonant} │ {shifter} ) )look-behind-
( {consonant} │ {shifter} )choice-
{consonant}class -
{shifter}class
-
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17D0
follows-consonant-depvowel-1-shifter
WLE Rule 10: checks if 17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT follows a consonant or a dependent vowel-1 or a shifter
(?<= ( {consonant} │ {dependent-vowel-1} │ {shifter} ) ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= ( {consonant} │ {dependent-vowel-1} │ {shifter} ) )look-behind-
( {consonant} │ {dependent-vowel-1} │ {shifter} )choice-
{consonant}class -
{dependent-vowel-1}class -
{shifter}class
-
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17C6
follows-consonant-depvowel-2-shifter
WLE Rule 11: checks if 17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK follows a consonant or a dependent vowel-2 or a shifter
(?<= ( {consonant} │ {dependent-vowel-2} │ {shifter} ) ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= ( {consonant} │ {dependent-vowel-2} │ {shifter} ) )look-behind-
( {consonant} │ {dependent-vowel-2} │ {shifter} )choice-
{consonant}class -
{dependent-vowel-2}class -
{shifter}class
-
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17C7
follows-series-three
WLE Rule 12: checks if 17CB KHMER SIGN BANTOC code point follows a series-three consonant
(?<= {series-three} ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= {series-three} )look-behind-
{series-three}class
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17CB
follows-consonant-or-vowel-i
WLE Rule 13: checks if 17CD KHMER SIGN TOANDAKHIAT follows a consonant or 17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I (Dependent-vowel-3)
(?<= {consonant} {dependent-vowel-3}{0:1} ) ◆
Structure
-
(?<= {consonant} {dependent-vowel-3}{0:1} )look-behind-
{consonant}class -
{dependent-vowel-3}{0:1}class
-
-
◆anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
- context of U+17CD
Actions
Actions are evaluated in the order shown. The first action whose conditions match determines the disposition of the label.
| # | Disposition | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
invalid
|
label matches leading-combining-mark labels with leading combining marks are invalid MSR default |
| 2 |
invalid
|
any variant is out-of-repertoire-var any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid MSR default |
| 3 |
invalid
|
label matches subscript-consonant-limit any label with more than two subscript consonants in a row is invalid |
| 4 |
blocked
|
any variant is blocked any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked MSR default |
| 5 |
allocatable
|
all variants are allocatable variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable MSR default |
| 6 |
valid
|
any label default catch all (default action) MSR default |
References
| Ref | Source |
|---|---|
| 3 | The Unicode Standard 3.1 |
| 100 | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 8.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2015. ISBN 978-1-936213-10-8), Chapter 16: Southeast Asia, section 16.4: Khmer, http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch16.pdf |
| 203 | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 1 |
| 204 | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 2 |
| 205 | Dr. Prum Mol (Khmer Linguist), Grammar of Modern Khmer Language, Linguist of National Institute of Language, Royal Academy of Cambodia, 2006, page 37 Bantoc sign section starts towards the bottom of the page, page 38 list the context of the Bantoc sign |
| 206 | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 6 |
| 207 | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 7 |
| 208 | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 8 |
| 209 | PRIMARY SCHOOL GRADE 1, MOEYS, ISBN 9-789-995-001-674, Publication 2015, Figure 9 |
| 210 | Franklin E. Huffman, Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader, Yale University, 1970, reprinted 1987 |