Oriya

The repertoire is based on [MSR-5], which is a subset of [Unicode 11.0].

As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither decimal digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.

Code points outside the Oriya script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used, one or more tag other character categories, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see “References” below. Comments provide alternate names of some code points.

Variants

This LGR defines one set of cross-script variants with the Malayalam script, two sets of cross-script variants with the Myanmar script and no in-script variants. For details, see Section 6, “Variants”, in [Proposal-Oriya].

Additional Variants: This LGR inherits additional blocked cross-script variants by integration; they may not be listed here unless they result in in-script variants. For consistency with other RZ-LGRs, cross-script variants to ASCII code points are listed explicitly as well. See the merged, Common LGR [RZ-LGR-5] for details of all applicable cross-script variants, including any not listed here; always use the Common LGR for determining cross-script collisions of labels.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent label should be blocked. There is no preference among these variants.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The basic characters in Oriya are classified into eight main categories. They are Consonants, Vowels, Matra, Halant, Nukta, Visarga, Candrabindu and Anusvara.

Consonants: The Oriya script is a syllabic alphabet in which all consonants have an inherent vowel. Diacritics, which can appear above, below, before, or after the consonant they belong to, are used to change the inherent vowel. More details in Section 3.5, “Structured consonants” and Section 3.6, “Unstructured consonants” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Vowels and Matras: A dependent vowel sign or “matra” is used to represent a vowel sound that is not inherent to the consonant. It is always depicted in combination with a single consonant, or with a consonant cluster. When vowels occur independently the are written with standalone vowel letters. More details in Section 3.12, “Matra sign (Dependent Vowel)” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Halant: A Halant, also known as Virama, is used after a consonant to “strip” it of its inherent vowel. The Halant form of a consonant is the form produced by adding the Halant, encoded as U+0B4D ( ୍ ) ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA to the nominal shape. A Halant follows all but the last consonant in every Oriya syllable. More details in Section 3.7, “The Implicit Vowel Killer Halant” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Nukta: The nukta sign ( ଼ ) is used in the Oriya language just like in many other scripts used in South Asia. It can be commonly used with U+0B21 ( ଡ ), U+0B22 ( ଢ ). More details in Section 3.8, “Nukta” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Visarga: U+0B03 ORIYA SIGN VISARGA is frequently used in Sanskrit and represents a sound very close to /h/. More details in Section 3.9, “Visarga & Avagraha” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Nasalization:

Candrabindu: The Candrabindu denotes nasalization of the preceding vowel and consonants as in ଅଁଳା /ãala/name of seasonal fruit (U+0B05 U+0B01 U+0B33 U+0B3E). Oriya users commonly use it for writing the words and sounds of Sanskrit. More details in Section 3.10, “Nasalization: Candrabindu” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Anusvara: Anusvara replaces a conjunct group of a Nasal Consonant+Halant+Consonant belonging to a particular varga (plosive). The Anusvara represents a homorganic nasal. Before a non-varga consonant (non-plosive) the Anusvara represents a nasal sound. More details in Section 3.11, “Anusvara” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-5]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel.

Oriya-specific Rules

These rules have been formulated so that they can be adopted for LGR specification.

The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Anusvara
H → Halant
N → Nukta
C1 → Consonants used with Nukta
X → Visarga
D → Candrabindu

The rules are:

• 1. N: must be preceded by C1
• 1. B: must be preceded by V, C, N or M
• 3. X: must be preceded by V, C, N or M
• 4. D: must be preceded by V, C, N or M
• 5. H: must be preceded by C or N
• 6. M: must be preceded by C or N

More details in Section 7, “Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)” in [Proposal-Oriya].

Methodology and Contributors

The Root Zone LGR for the Oriya script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP) the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building each LGR is in sync with all other Brahmi-derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Oriya], as well as [RZ-LGR-5-Overview].

Changes from LGR-4

As result of integration with additional scripts, this LGR has been updated. This update does not change the set of labels available under this LGR. For the prior version see [RZ-LGR-4-Orya]. For consistency across RZ-LGRs, imposed variants to ASCII code points and to the Myanmar script are now explicitly listed.

Note that the listing of variants for U+0B20 is limited to cross-script variants to both ASCII code points and more closely related scripts. Additional cross-script variants for this code point exist and are defined in [RZ-LGR-5].

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References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[EGIDS]

Lewis and Simons, “EGIDS: Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,” documented in [SIL-Ethnologue] and summarized here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale_(EGIDS)

[MSR-5]

Integration Panel, “Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-5 Overview and Rationale”, 24 June 2021, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-5-overview-24jun21-en.pdf

[Proposal-Oriya]

Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for an Oriya Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-set “, 6 March 2019, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-oriya-lgr-06mar19-en.pdf

[RFC 7940]

Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016, https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940

[RFC 8228]

A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017, https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228

[RZ-LGR-4-Orya]

ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Oriya Script (und-Orya), Version 4, 5 November 2020 (XML) https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-oriya-script-05nov20-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation: https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-oriya-script-05nov20-en.html

[RZ-LGR-5-Overview]

Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ LGR-5): Overview and Summary”, 26 May 2022, https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-overview-26may22-en.pdf

[RZ-LGR-5]

Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ-LGR-5)”, 26 May 2022 (XML), https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation: https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.html

[SIL-Ethnologue]

David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2021. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty fourth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version available as https://www.ethnologue.com

[Unicode 11.0]

The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2018. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1) https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Oriya script for the Root Zone please see details in the Table of References below. References [0] to [6] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [101] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Oriya] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values.