Devanagari

Devanagari

Root Zone Label Generation Rules, 5th Edition

Download rz-lgr-5-devanagari-script-26may22-en.xml (52.0kb)

Summary

Version5 — Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari Script
Date
Tag und-Deva (Devanagari)
Unicode11.0.0
ScopeDNS root zone
Source filerz-lgr-5-devanagari-script-26may22-en.xml (52.0kb)
This ruleset in other editions: 6th Edition 5th Edition 4th Edition 3rd Edition 2nd Edition 1st Edition

This ruleset is integrated into the Common (integrated set) ruleset of this release.

Description

Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script

Overview

This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Devanagari script for the Root Zone. For more details on this LGR and additional background on the script, see “Proposal for a Devanagari Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)” [Proposal-Devanagari]. This file is one of a set of LGR files that together form an integrated LGR for the DNS Root Zone [RZ-LGR-5]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

The Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari script lists 83 single code points in addition to 27 sequences, bringing the total repertoire entries to 110. The two sequences U+0931 U+094D U+092F (ऱ्य) and U+0931 U+094D U+0939 (ऱ्ह) limit the character U+0931 ( ऱ ) DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA to its own specific context beyond which it does not stand by itself. Accordingly, while U+0931 (ऱ) is not listed by itself, it brings the total of distinct code points to 84.

A number of other sequences have been defined in connection with the definition of variants (see “Variants” below).

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The repertoire includes code points used by languages written in Devanagari that fall within levels 1 to 4 on the [EGIDS] scale. Boro, Braj, Dhundari, Mundari, Kharia are additionally covered. Though listed as level 4 on the EGIDS scale, Saraiki is not covered, because the Devanagari script is “no longer in use” by the Saraiki community. A non-exhaustive list of languages using each code point can be found in the comments. For more details, see Section 5, “Repertoire” in [Proposal-Devanagari].

The repertoire is based on [MSR-5], which is a subset of [Unicode 11.0].

As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither decimal digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.

Code points outside the Devanagari script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used, one or more other character categories, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see “References” below. For code points that are part of the repertoire, comments identify the languages using the code point along with their [EGIDS] level.

Variants

According to Section 6, “Variants”, in [Proposal-Devanagari], this LGR defines variants which are “Confusing due to deviation from normally perceived character formations by the larger linguistic community”. These cases are not of mere visual similarity as they involve some deviations from the widely accepted norms of Devanagari akshar formations. They can cause confusion even to a careful observer and hence have been defined as variants. They fall into three broad categories:

  • Vowel/Vowel sign followed by Nukta
  • Unique Vowels and Vowel Signs required for Kashmiri
  • Variants based on Candrabindu and Candra Vowel Signs followed by Anusvara

In addition to these, cross-script variant analysis of Devanagari identified cross-script variants with the Gurmukhi and Bengali scripts. The analysis additionally found possible cross-script confusables that do not rise to the status of variants. They are listed in Appendix 1 of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked” ; labels that differ only by these variants are mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent label should be blocked.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

Context Rules for Variants: some of the variants defined in this LGR are “effective null variants”, that is, some code points in the source map to “nothing” in the target with all other code points unchanged. (Because mappings are symmetric, it does not matter whether it is the forward or reverse mapping that maps to “null”.) Such variants require a context rule to keep the variant set well behaved. Symmetry requires the same context rule for both forward and reverse mappings.

In other cases, the sequences or code points making up source and target are constrained by explicit context rules on the code points (or by implicit context rules defined for the adjacent code points). In such a case, any variants may require context rules that match the intersection between the effective contexts for both source and target; otherwise, a sequence might be considered valid in some variant label when it would not be valid in an equivalent context in an original label.

The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

Devanagari is an alphasyllabary and the heart of the writing system is the akshar. This is the unit which is instinctively recognized by users of the script. The writing system of Devanagari could be summed up as composed of Consonants, Halant, Vowels, Anusvara, Candrabindu, Nukta and Visarga.

Consonants: Devanagari consonants all contain an implicit schwa /ə/. To make a full syllable, consonants may be followed by certain code points from one or more of the other groups (see “WLE rules” below). See Section 3.3.1, “The Consonants” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Halant (aka Virama): Because all consonants contain an implicit vowel schwa /ə/, a special sign is needed to denote that this implicit vowel is stripped off. This sign is the Halant, encoded as U+094D ( ् ) DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA. The Halant thus joins two consonants and creates conjuncts, which can be generally from 2 to 4 consonant combinations. In rare cases, it can join up to 5 consonants. However, this LGR will not enforce any length limit. See Section 3.3.2, “The Implicit Vowel Killer: Halant” in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Vowels and Matras: There are separate code points for vowels that are pronounced independently at the beginning of a syllable or after a vowel sound. To indicate a Vowel sound following a consonant other than the implicit shwa sound, a vowel sign (matra) is attached to the consonant. There is an equivalent matra for each vowel excepting U+0905 ( अ ) DEVANAGARI VOWEL A. See Section 3.3.3, “Vowels” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Anusvara: The Anusvara shows a nasal at the end of a syllable. See Section 3.3.4, “The Anusvara” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Candrabindu: A Candrabindu denotes nasalization of the preceding vowel. Present-day Hindi users tend to replace the Candrabindu by the Anusvara. See Section 3.3.5, “Nasalization: Candrabindu” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Nukta: The nukta sign is placed below a certain number of consonants to represent sounds found only in words borrowed from Perso-Arabic, English and other non-Aryan sources. It is also placed under the consonants U+0921 ( ड ) and U+0922 ( ढ ) to indicate flapped sounds. Apart from this, the Santali language uses Nukta adjoined to certain vowels and vowel signs. See Section 3.3.6, “Nukta” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Visarga: U+0903 ( ः ) DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA, representing an aspiration at the end of a syllable, is frequently used in Sanskrit. See Section 3.3.7, “Visarga and Avagraha” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Changes from LGR-3

A clerical error has been corrected in LGR-4: for code points in the V1 and M1 subsets, the character class names “Vowel” and “Matra” were incorrectly not capitalized. This had the effect of disallowing some labels containing an Anusvara, Candrabindu or Visarga together with the affected code points. From LGR-4 these labels are now reported as valid in accordance with [Proposal-Devanagari]. For the prior version see [RZ-LGR-3-Deva].

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-5]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel.

Devanagari-specific Rules

These rules ensure that the Devanagari label conforms to akshar formation norms for the Devanagari script. These norms are exclusively presented as context rules.

The following symbols are used in the names and comments for WLE rules:

  • C → Consonant
  • M → Matra
  • V → Vowel
  • B → Anusvara (Bindu)
  • D → Candrabindu
  • X → Visarga
  • H → Halant / Virama
  • N → Nukta
  • S → Eyelash Reph (C2HC3) where:
    • C2 is U+0931 DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA
    • H is U+094D DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA
    • C3 comprises
      • U+092F DEVANAGARI LETTER YA
      • U+0939 DEVANAGARI LETTER HA

The rules are:

  • 1. N: must be preceded only by any of C1, V1 or M1
  • 2. H: must be preceded by C or CN
  • 3. M: must be preceded by C or CN
  • 4. X: must be preceded by any of V, C, N or M
  • 5. B: must be preceded by any of V, C, N or M
  • 6. D: must be preceded by any of V, C, N or M
  • 7. V: Can NOT be preceded by H

The following context rules are used for variants where a Nukta maps to a “null”, or that are overlapped:

  • Variant is not defined if followed by a Nukta
  • Variant is not defined unless it is followed by V or C (including RRA) or end of label

See Section 7, “Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Methodology and Contributors

The Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP) the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building each LGR is in sync with all other Brahmi-derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Devanagari], as well as [RZ-LGR-5-Overview].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[EGIDS]
Lewis and Simons, “EGIDS: Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,” documented in [SIL-Ethnologue] and summarized here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale_(EGIDS)
[MSR-5]
Integration Panel, “Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-5 Overview and Rationale”, 24 June 2021, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-5-overview-24jun21-en.pdf
[Proposal-Devanagari]
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Devanagari Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)”, 22 April 2019, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-Devanagari-lgr-22apr19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016, https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017, https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-5-Overview]
Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ LGR-5): Overview and Summary”, 26 May 2022, https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-overview-26may22-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-3-Deva]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script (und-Deva), Version 3, 10 July 2019 (XML) https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-devanagari-script-10jul19-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation: https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-devanagari-script-10jul19-en.html
[RZ-LGR-5]
Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ-LGR-5)”, 26 May 2022 (XML), https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation: https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.html
[SIL-Ethnologue]
David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2021. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty fourth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version available as https://www.ethnologue.com
[Unicode 11.0]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2018. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1) https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Devanagari script for the Root Zone please see details in the Table of References below. References [0] to [11] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Devanagari] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values.

Repertoire

Glyph Code point Tags and context Variants
ँ U+0901 DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU 0 101 102 103 105 108 110 111 112 113
Comment Bodo (5), Hindi (1), Kahsmiri (4), Konkani (2), Maithili (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1), Santali (4), Sanskrit (4)
TagCandrabinduTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ॅं U+0945 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
ं U+0902 DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagAnusvaraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ऺ U+093A blocked Devanagari variant ਂ U+0A02 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ः U+0903 DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVisarga Contextfollows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M
अ U+0905 DEVANAGARI LETTER A 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
अँ U+0905U+0901 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU Contextnot preceded-by-H ॲं U+0972 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
अं U+0905U+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA 0 105 108 DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextnot preceded-by-H ॳ U+0973 blocked Devanagari variant
आ U+0906 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagV1TagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H आ़ U+0906 + U+093C blocked Devanagari variant
आँ U+0906U+0901 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU Contextnot preceded-by-H आ़ँ U+0906 + U+093C + U+0901 blocked Devanagari variant ऑं U+0911 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
आं U+0906U+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA 0 105 108 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextnot preceded-by-H आ़ं U+0906 + U+093C + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant ॴ U+0974 blocked Devanagari variant
आ़ U+0906U+093C sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA Contextnot preceded-by-H आ U+0906 blocked Devanagari variant
आ़ँ U+0906U+093CU+0901 sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU Contextnot preceded-by-H आँ U+0906 + U+0901 blocked Devanagari variant ऑं U+0911 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
आ़ं U+0906U+093CU+0902 sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA 0 105 108 DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextnot preceded-by-H आं U+0906 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant ॴ U+0974 blocked Devanagari variant
इ U+0907 DEVANAGARI LETTER I 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H ਙ U+0A19 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ई U+0908 DEVANAGARI LETTER II 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
उ U+0909 DEVANAGARI LETTER U 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H ਤ U+0A24 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ऊ U+090A DEVANAGARI LETTER UU 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ऋ U+090B DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R 0 101 102 103 Hindi (1), Marathi (2), Sanskrit (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ऍ U+090D DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E 0 101 Hindi (1) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ऍं U+090DU+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextnot preceded-by-H एँ U+090F + U+0901 blocked
ऎ U+090E DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E 0 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H ऐ U+0910 blocked Devanagari variant
ए U+090F DEVANAGARI LETTER E 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
एँ U+090FU+0901 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER E + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU Contextnot preceded-by-H ऍं U+090D + U+0902 blocked
ऐ U+0910 DEVANAGARI LETTER AI 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H ऎ U+090E blocked
ऑ U+0911 DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O 0 100 101 102 108 112 Hindi (1), Kahsmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ऑं U+0911U+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextnot preceded-by-H आँ U+0906 + U+0901 blocked आ़ँ U+0906 + U+093C + U+0901 blocked
ऒ U+0912 DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O 0 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ओ U+0913 DEVANAGARI LETTER O 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagV1TagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H ओ़ U+0913 + U+093C blocked Devanagari variant
ओ़ U+0913U+093C sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA DEVANAGARI LETTER O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA Contextnot preceded-by-H ओ U+0913 blocked Devanagari variant
औ U+0914 DEVANAGARI LETTER AU 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H ॵ U+0975 blocked Devanagari variant
क U+0915 DEVANAGARI LETTER KA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ख U+0916 DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ग U+0917 DEVANAGARI LETTER GA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਗ U+0A17 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
घ U+0918 DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਬ U+0A2C blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ङ U+0919 DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
च U+091A DEVANAGARI LETTER CA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
छ U+091B DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ज U+091C DEVANAGARI LETTER JA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
झ U+091D DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ञ U+091E DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ट U+091F DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਟ U+0A1F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ठ U+0920 DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਠ U+0A20 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ड U+0921 DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ढ U+0922 DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਫ U+0A2B blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ण U+0923 DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
त U+0924 DEVANAGARI LETTER TA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
त्त U+0924U+094DU+0924 sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI LETTER TA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TA
Comment DEVANAGARI LETTER TA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TA: Sequence has cross-script variant
ਜ U+0A1C blocked Cross-script homoglyph
थ U+0925 DEVANAGARI LETTER THA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
द U+0926 DEVANAGARI LETTER DA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ध U+0927 DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
न U+0928 DEVANAGARI LETTER NA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
प U+092A DEVANAGARI LETTER PA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਧ U+0A27 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
प्टि U+092AU+094DU+091FU+093F sequence of 4 DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I
Comment DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I, Sequence has cross-script variant
ਇ U+0A07 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
प्टी U+092AU+094DU+091FU+0940 sequence of 4 DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II
Comment DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II, Sequence has cross-script variant
ਈ U+0A08 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
प्टॆ U+092AU+094DU+091FU+0946 sequence of 4 DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E
Comment DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E, Sequence has cross-script variant
प्टे U+092A + U+094D + U+091F + U+0947 blocked Devanagari variant ਏ U+0A0F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
प्टे U+092AU+094DU+091FU+0947 sequence of 4 DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E
Comment DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E, Sequence has cross-script variant
प्टॆ U+092A + U+094D + U+091F + U+0946 blocked Devanagari variant ਏ U+0A0F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
फ U+092B DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagC1TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ब U+092C DEVANAGARI LETTER BA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
भ U+092D DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਮ U+0A2E blocked Cross-script homoglyph
म U+092E DEVANAGARI LETTER MA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ম U+09AE blocked Cross-script homoglyph ਸ U+0A38 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
य U+092F DEVANAGARI LETTER YA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
र U+0930 DEVANAGARI LETTER RA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ऱ्य U+0931U+094DU+092F sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER YA 0 102 106 107 112 113
Comment Section 7, Case of Eyelash Reph: To enable Eyelash Reph formation with Rra+Halanta+Ya and prevent stand-alone RRA from occurring; Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1)
ऱ्ह U+0931U+094DU+0939 sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER HA 0 102 106 107 112 113
Comment Section 7, Case of Eyelash Reph: To enable Eyelash Reph formation with Rra+Halanta+Ha and prevent stand-alone RRA from occurring; Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1)
ल U+0932 DEVANAGARI LETTER LA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ळ U+0933 DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA 0 102 103 110 112 113 Bodo (5), Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1), Sanskrit (4) TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
व U+0935 DEVANAGARI LETTER VA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਕ U+0A15 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
श U+0936 DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ष U+0937 DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA 0 101 102 103 104 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
स U+0938 DEVANAGARI LETTER SA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ह U+0939 DEVANAGARI LETTER HA 0 101 102 103 104 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagConsonantTagsc:Deva ਵ U+0A35 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ऺ U+093A DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ं U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant ਂ U+0A02 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ऻ U+093B DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ां U+093E + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant ा़ं U+093E + U+093C + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
़ U+093C DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA 0 101 105 108 109 110 111 Bodo (5), Hindi (1), Kahsmiri (4), Maithili (2), Santali (4), Sindhi (2) TagNuktaTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-either-C1-V1-or-M1 ਼ U+0A3C blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ा U+093E DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagM1TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ा़ U+093E + U+093C blocked Devanagari variant
ाँ U+093EU+0901 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU Contextfollows-C-or-CN ा़ँ U+093E + U+093C + U+0901 blocked ॉं U+0949 + U+0902 blocked
ां U+093EU+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextfollows-C-or-CN ऻ U+093B blocked Devanagari variant ा़ं U+093E + U+093C + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
ा़ U+093EU+093C sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA Contextfollows-C-or-CN ा U+093E blocked Devanagari variant
ा़ँ U+093EU+093CU+0901 sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU Contextfollows-C-or-CN ाँ U+093E + U+0901 blocked ॉं U+0949 + U+0902 blocked
ा़ं U+093EU+093CU+0902 sequence of 3 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextfollows-C-or-CN ऻ U+093B blocked Devanagari variant ां U+093E + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
ि U+093F DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ি U+09BF blocked Cross-script homoglyph ਿ U+0A3F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ी U+0940 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ੀ U+0A40 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ु U+0941 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN
ू U+0942 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN
ृ U+0943 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R 0 101 102 103 Hindi (1), Marathi (2), Sanskrit (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN
ॅ U+0945 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E 0 100 101 108 = candra; Hindi (1), Kahsmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Sanskrit (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ੱ U+0A71 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ॅं U+0945U+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextfollows-C-or-CN ँ U+0901 blocked Devanagari variant
ॆ U+0946 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E 0 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN े U+0947 blocked Devanagari variant ੇ U+0A47 blocked Cross-script homoglyph ੋ U+0A4B blocked Cross-script homoglyph
े U+0947 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E 0 101 102 103 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ॆ U+0946 blocked Devanagari variant ੇ U+0A47 blocked Cross-script homoglyph ੋ U+0A4B blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ै U+0948 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI 0 101 102 103 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ੈ U+0A48 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ॉ U+0949 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O 0 100 108 Hindi (1), Kahsmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN
ॉं U+0949U+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextfollows-C-or-CN ाँ U+093E + U+0901 blocked ा़ँ U+093E + U+093C + U+0901 blocked
ॊ U+094A DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O 0 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN
ो U+094B DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O 0 101 102 103 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagM1TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ो़ U+094B + U+093C blocked Devanagari variant
ो़ U+094BU+093C sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA Contextfollows-C-or-CN ो U+094B blocked Devanagari variant
ौ U+094C DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU 0 101 102 103 105 108 113 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari]. TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ॏ U+094F blocked Devanagari variant
् U+094D DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA 0 101 102 103 105 108 113
Comment = halant; suppresses inherent vowel: Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
TagHalantTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN
ॏ U+094F DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ौ U+094C blocked Devanagari variant
ॖ U+0956 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ੁ U+0A41 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ॗ U+0957 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) TagMatraTagsc:Deva Contextfollows-C-or-CN ੂ U+0A42 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ॲ U+0972 DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A 9 100 102 108 112 Kahsmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ॲं U+0972U+0902 sequence of 2 DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA Contextnot preceded-by-H अँ U+0905 + U+0901 blocked Devanagari variant
ॳ U+0973 DEVANAGARI LETTER OE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H अं U+0905 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
ॴ U+0974 DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H आं U+0906 + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant आ़ं U+0906 + U+093C + U+0902 blocked Devanagari variant
ॵ U+0975 DEVANAGARI LETTER AW 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H औ U+0914 blocked
ॶ U+0976 DEVANAGARI LETTER UE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ॷ U+0977 DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE 11 105 108 Kahsmiri (4) Tagsc:DevaTagVowel Contextnot preceded-by-H
ॻ U+097B DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA 8 104 Sindhi (2) TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ॼ U+097C DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA 8 104 Sindhi (2) TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ॾ U+097E DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA 8 104 Sindhi (2) TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ॿ U+097F DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA 8 104 Sindi TagConsonantTagsc:Deva
ম U+09AE BENGALI LETTER MA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Beng म U+092E blocked Cross-script homoglyph ਸ U+0A38 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ি U+09BF BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Beng ि U+093F blocked Cross-script homoglyph ਿ U+0A3F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਂ U+0A02 GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ं U+0902 blocked Cross-script homoglyph ऺ U+093A blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਇ U+0A07 GURMUKHI LETTER I 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru प्टि U+092A + U+094D + U+091F + U+093F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਈ U+0A08 GURMUKHI LETTER II 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru प्टी U+092A + U+094D + U+091F + U+0940 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਏ U+0A0F GURMUKHI LETTER EE 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru प्टॆ U+092A + U+094D + U+091F + U+0946 blocked Cross-script homoglyph प्टे U+092A + U+094D + U+091F + U+0947 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਕ U+0A15 GURMUKHI LETTER KA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru व U+0935 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਗ U+0A17 GURMUKHI LETTER GA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ग U+0917 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਙ U+0A19 GURMUKHI LETTER NGA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru इ U+0907 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਜ U+0A1C GURMUKHI LETTER JA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru त्त U+0924 + U+094D + U+0924 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਟ U+0A1F GURMUKHI LETTER TTA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ट U+091F blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਠ U+0A20 GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ठ U+0920 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਤ U+0A24 GURMUKHI LETTER TA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru उ U+0909 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਧ U+0A27 GURMUKHI LETTER DHA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru प U+092A blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਫ U+0A2B GURMUKHI LETTER PHA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ढ U+0922 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਬ U+0A2C GURMUKHI LETTER BA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru घ U+0918 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਮ U+0A2E GURMUKHI LETTER MA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru भ U+092D blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਵ U+0A35 GURMUKHI LETTER VA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ह U+0939 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਸ U+0A38 GURMUKHI LETTER SA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru म U+092E blocked Cross-script homoglyph ম U+09AE blocked Cross-script homoglyph
਼ U+0A3C GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ़ U+093C blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ਿ U+0A3F GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ि U+093F blocked Cross-script homoglyph ি U+09BF blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੀ U+0A40 GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ी U+0940 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੁ U+0A41 GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ॖ U+0956 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੂ U+0A42 GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ॗ U+0957 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੇ U+0A47 GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ॆ U+0946 blocked Cross-script homoglyph े U+0947 blocked Cross-script homoglyph ੋ U+0A4B blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੈ U+0A48 GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ै U+0948 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੋ U+0A4B GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ॆ U+0946 blocked Cross-script homoglyph े U+0947 blocked Cross-script homoglyph ੇ U+0A47 blocked Cross-script homoglyph
ੱ U+0A71 GURMUKHI ADDAK 0 Not part of repertoire Tagsc:Guru ॅ U+0945 blocked Cross-script homoglyph

Identity mappings, where a code point is declared a variant of itself, are required by RFC 7940 and are omitted here. 150 variant records are declared in total.

Variants

Code points grouped into sets of mutual variants. Every member of a set produces the same set of variant labels, so a registration of one has implications for all the others. Sets of a single member are omitted, as are the identity mappings RFC 7940 requires each member to declare.

List
40 variant sets, containing 122 variants.

Character classes

Named sets of code points that the rules below refer to.

NameDefinition
C {tag Consonant} Any Devanagari consonant
C1 {tag C1} Consonants followed by Devanagari Nukta
V {tag Vowel} Any Devanagari independent vowel
V1 {tag V1} Vowels followed by Devanagari Nukta (Required for Santali language)
M {tag Matra} Any Devanagari vowel sign (matra)
M1 {tag M1} Matras followed by Devanagari Nukta (Required for Santali language)
H {tag Halant} The Devanagari Halant (VIRAMA)
N {tag Nukta} The Devanagari Nukta

Rules

Conditions evaluated against a whole label, or against the context around a single code point. The notation borrows from regular expressions: ^ and $ anchor to the start and end of a label, . matches any code point, (?= ) and (?<= ) look ahead and behind, and * and + repeat. Two symbols are specific to rulesets: ◆ is the code point being tested, and ⟨name⟩ refers to another rule.

leading-combining-mark MSR default

Default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks

^ ({gc:Mn} ∪ {gc:Mc})
Structure
  • ^ start
  • ({gc:Mn} ∪ {gc:Mc}) union
    • {gc:Mn} class
    • {gc:Mc} class
Referenced by 1 definition
  • action 1 (invalid)

follows-either-C1-V1-or-M1

Section 7, WLE 1: Rule for Nukta which restricts its preceding characters

(?<= ( {C1} │ {M1} │ {V1} ) ) ◆
Structure
  • (?<= ( {C1} │ {M1} │ {V1} ) ) look-behind
    • ( {C1} │ {M1} │ {V1} ) choice
      • {C1} class
      • {M1} class
      • {V1} class
  • ◆ anchor
Referenced by 1 definition
  • context of U+093C

follows-C-or-CN

Section 7, WLE 2, 3: Halant or matra characters can only be preceded by consonant or a Nukta which is preceded by a consonant

(?<= ( {C} │ ( {C} {N} ) ) ) ◆
Structure
  • (?<= ( {C} │ ( {C} {N} ) ) ) look-behind
    • ( {C} │ ( {C} {N} ) ) choice
      • {C} class
      • {C} {N} rule nukta-preceded-by-consonant
        • {C} class
        • {N} class
  • ◆ anchor
Referenced by 30 definitions
  • variant condition on U+0901
  • context of U+093A
  • context of U+093B
  • context of U+093E
  • context of U+093E U+0901
  • context of U+093E U+0902
  • context of U+093E U+093C
  • context of U+093E U+093C U+0901
  • context of U+093E U+093C U+0902
  • context of U+093F
  • context of U+0940
  • context of U+0941
  • and 18 more

follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M

Section 7, WLE 4, 5, 6: Anusvara, Candrabindu or Visarga characters can only be preceded by either vowel or consonant or Nukta or matra

(?<= ( {V} │ {C} │ {N} │ {M} ) ) ◆
Structure
  • (?<= ( {V} │ {C} │ {N} │ {M} ) ) look-behind
    • ( {V} │ {C} │ {N} │ {M} ) choice
      • {V} class
      • {C} class
      • {N} class
      • {M} class
  • ◆ anchor
Referenced by 3 definitions
  • context of U+0901
  • context of U+0902
  • context of U+0903

preceded-by-H

Section 7, WLE 7: A vowel is not allowed to follow an H

(?<= {H} ) ◆
Structure
  • (?<= {H} ) look-behind
    • {H} class
  • ◆ anchor
Referenced by 33 definitions
  • negative context of U+0905
  • negative context of U+0905 U+0901
  • negative context of U+0905 U+0902
  • negative context of U+0906
  • negative context of U+0906 U+0901
  • negative context of U+0906 U+0902
  • negative context of U+0906 U+093C
  • negative context of U+0906 U+093C U+0901
  • negative context of U+0906 U+093C U+0902
  • negative context of U+0907
  • negative context of U+0908
  • negative context of U+0909
  • and 21 more

followed-by-N

Section 6.4.1, Variant Context Rule for Nukta: Variant not to be generated when followed by Nukta.

◆ (?= {N} )
Structure
  • ◆ anchor
  • (?= {N} ) look-ahead
    • {N} class
Referenced by 8 definitions
  • negative variant condition on U+0906
  • negative variant condition on U+0906 U+093C
  • negative variant condition on U+0913
  • negative variant condition on U+0913 U+093C
  • negative variant condition on U+093E
  • negative variant condition on U+093E U+093C
  • negative variant condition on U+094B
  • negative variant condition on U+094B U+093C

followed-by-V-C-or-end

Section 6.1.2, Variant to be generateed when followed by V or C (including RRA) or end of label

◆ (?= ( {V} │ {C} │ U+0931 │ $ ) )
Structure
  • ◆ anchor
  • (?= ( {V} │ {C} │ U+0931 │ $ ) ) look-ahead
    • ( {V} │ {C} │ U+0931 │ $ ) choice
      • {V} class
      • {C} class
      • U+0931 char
      • $ end
Referenced by 12 definitions
  • variant condition on U+0906 U+0902
  • variant condition on U+0906 U+0902
  • variant condition on U+0906 U+093C U+0902
  • variant condition on U+0906 U+093C U+0902
  • variant condition on U+093B
  • variant condition on U+093B
  • variant condition on U+093E U+0902
  • variant condition on U+093E U+0902
  • variant condition on U+093E U+093C U+0902
  • variant condition on U+093E U+093C U+0902
  • variant condition on U+0974
  • variant condition on U+0974

Actions

Actions are evaluated in the order shown. The first action whose conditions match determines the disposition of the label.

# Disposition Conditions
1 invalid label matches leading-combining-mark labels with leading combining marks are invalid MSR default
2 invalid any variant is out-of-repertoire-var any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid MSR default
3 blocked any variant is blocked any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked MSR default
4 allocatable all variants are allocatable variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable MSR default
5 valid any label default catch all (default action) MSR default

References

RefSource
0 The Unicode Standard 1.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 1.1
8 The Unicode Standard 5.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 5.0
9 The Unicode Standard 5.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 5.1
11 The Unicode Standard 6.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 6.0
100 Devanāgarī VIP Team, “Variant Issues Report”, ICANN 3 Oct. 2011, https://archive.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/devanagari-vip-issues-report-03oct11-en.pdf (Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
101 Omniglot, “Hindi”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hindi.htm (Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
102 Omniglot, “Marathi”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/marathi.htm (Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
103 Omniglot, “Sanskrit”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sanskrit.htm (Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
104 Omniglot, “Sindhi”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sindhi.htm (Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
105 Omniglot, “Kashmiri”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm (Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
106 Unicode 10.0.0, “South and Central Asia-I - Official Scripts of India”, Page 456 (R5 and R5a), https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch12.pdf (Accessed on 13 Nov. 2017)
107 Unicode Indic Group, “Comments on PRI 65: Devanagari Eyelash Ra”, L2/05-147, https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05147-muller-pri65.pdf (Accessed on 13 Jun. 2019)
108 M.K. Raina, “How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari?”, https://www.koshur.org/pdf/Let%20Us%20Learn%20Kashmiri.pdf (Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
109 Central Hindi Directorate-Ministry of HRD-Govt. of India, “Devanāgarī Alphabet and its Romanization”, https://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/hindi_orgin/devnagarithesysmbols.html (Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017
110 Omniglot, “Bodo”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bodo.htm (Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
111 Omniglot, “Maithili”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maithili.htm (Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
112 Omniglot, “Konkani”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/konkani.htm (Accessed on 20 May 2018)
113 Omniglot, “Nepali”, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nepali.htm (Accessed on 20 May 2018)